Hedonism, pessimism, utilitarianism, eudaemonism#
Summary#
Nietzsche dismisses these philosophical systems as naive modes of thinking that measure the worth of things according to pleasure and pain. Anyone conscious of creative powers will look down upon them with scorn, for they deal only with accompanying circumstances and secondary considerations. The discipline of great suffering, not well-being, has produced all the elevations of humanity; there are higher problems than pleasure, pain, and sympathy that these philosophies fail to address.