Philosophical Schools#
Summary#
Nietzsche examines ancient and modern philosophical schools primarily as symptoms of psychological types rather than systems of truth. The Stoics are criticized for fraudulently projecting their own morals onto Nature while claiming to derive them from it, though Stoicism is also recognized as a disciplinary system that cultivates strength through constraint. Cynicism alone permits base souls to approach genuine honesty by candidly acknowledging human animality. Epicureanism represents the weak seeking repose from inner conflict, Skepticism oscillates between paralysis and daring manliness, while Positivism and Idealism are dismissed as hodgepodge philosophies that conflate truth with pleasantness.
Stoicism ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Stoa ↖ Ancient Cultures ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Platonists ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Skepticism ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Skeptics ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Cynicism ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Epicureanism ↖ Beyond Good and Evil
Positivism ↖ Beyond Good and Evil